Move it!
Sunday, April 20th, 2008
Everyone likes art that moves. But making moving art can be tricky. One easy way around many problems is to adapt a ready made mechanism, such as a Billy Bass, furby or Chevy Cavalier.
Usually, you will have a motor, some gearing and electronics to control the motor. Often, it’s easy to replace the existing motor control circuits with a circuit of your own design, as Jeff Mann does with the talking fish.
One thing you should have in your bag of tricks for this kind of thing is an h-bridge chip. This will allow you to make a motor go forward or backwards, something you can’t do with a simple transistor. A good chip to play with to get the hang of h-bridges is the L293D. The datasheet can be confusing if you haven’t used this chip before, but fortunately, there are lots of good example circuits available.
The disadvantage of this chip is that it is only really good for small motors- if you are building a big robot, you will need more current capability.
An H-bridge is good for controlling DC motors-make sure you know the voltage rating and current draw of your motor, and measure the current with the motor under load!
Usually you will want some kind of gearing on your motor- just like the motor in a car, electric motors like to run at high RPMs, and are geared down to obtain high torque. Matching a gearbox to a motor can be very challenging, unless you have a machine shop at your disposal, so you’ll probably want a motor with a built-in gearbox. These can cost a few dollars for a plastic version, or several hundred for something larger, or more precise. Excellent geared motors are often available from surplus dealers for a fraction of their original cost.
If you take a motor, a gearbox, and some kind of feedback that knows the position of the motor,what you have is a servo. These days, people usually use ‘”servo” to mean the RC servo motors sold for radio controlled planes and cars. You don’t need to buy all the radio control stuff to go with them- these are very easy to control with microcontrollers, or even discrete circuits made with 555 timers.
They come in all sizes, from tiny ones , to huge ones made for 1/4 scale models. Many artworks use many,many servos, such as Nicholas Stedman’s Blanket Project , or Eddo Stern’s work, currently showing at InterAccess.
(photo by fdecomite used under Creative Commons License)





